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Handheld devices for joint inflammation
Portable OTC TENS unit (e.g., Omron / Chattanooga / other FDA‑cleared TENS)
Handheld transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for symptomatic pain relief; electrodes placed around the painful joint.
Johnson MI, Paley CA, Howe TE, et al. (2022). Efficacy and safety of TENS for acute and chronic pain in adults: systematic review and meta‑analysis of 381 studies (meta‑TENS). BMJ Open, 12:e051073.
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