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Dark Leafy Greens (Spinach, Kale)
Dark leafy greens provide carotenoids, vitamin K, and polyphenols that support antioxidant defenses. Higher intake is consistently associated with lower systemic inflammation and reduced CRP.
Antioxidants and micronutrients in leafy greens protect tissues from inflammatory damage and support immune balance in chronic inflammation.
Spinach, kale, collards, and similar greens are rich in beta-carotene, lutein, vitamin K, folate, magnesium, and polyphenols. Observational studies show higher intake is associated with lower CRP, and long-term trials demonstrate reduced odds of elevated CRP. Aim for two servings daily via salads, smoothies, or cooked dishes. Maintain consistent vitamin K intake if on anticoagulants.
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