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Discover 100+ orthopedic terms explained simply, from fractures and arthritis to advanced surgeries like arthroscopy and spinal fusion. A trusted resource for patients and professionals alike Glossary Terms Abduction – Movement of a limb away from the body’s midline. Adduction – Movement of a limb toward the body’s midline. Arthritis – Inflammation of the joints that can cause pain and stiffness. Arthrodesis – Surgical fusion of a joint to relieve pain and provide stability. Arthroscopy – A minimally invasive procedure using a camera to diagnose and treat joint problems. Avulsion Fracture – When a small piece of bone is pulled off by a tendon or ligament. Baker’s Cyst – A fluid-filled swelling behind the knee. Bone Density Scan – A test to measure bone strength and risk of fractures. Bone Grafting – A procedure that uses bone tissue to help repair severe fractures. Bone Marrow – The soft tissue inside bones that produces blood cells. Bone Scan – A diagnostic test to detect bone disorders or fractures. Bursa – A small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between tissues. Bursitis – Inflammation of a bursa, often causing joint pain. Calcification – The buildup of calcium in soft tissues or bones. Callus Formation – The body’s natural process of forming new bone during healing. Cartilage – A flexible tissue that cushions joints and bones. Casting – Applying a rigid material to immobilize a fracture during healing. Closed Fracture – A break in the bone that does not puncture the skin. Closed Reduction – Non-surgical realignment of a broken bone. Clubfoot – A birth defect causing a foot to be twisted out of position. Compartment Syndrome – A condition causing pressure buildup in muscles. Corticosteroids – Medications used to reduce inflammation and pain. CT Scan (Computed Tomography) – A detailed imaging technique to view bones and tissues. Degenerative Disc Disease – Age-related changes causing spinal disc deterioration. Dislocation – When a bone moves out of its normal position in a joint. Dorsiflexion – Bending the foot upward toward the shin. Dupuytren’s Contracture – A hand condition causing fingers to bend inward. External Fixation – A treatment using an external frame to stabilize fractures. Femur – The thigh bone, the longest bone in the body. Fibula – The smaller of the two bones in the lower leg. Fracture – A break or crack in a bone. Frozen Shoulder – Stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. Hallux Valgus – The medical term for bunions. Hemiarthroplasty – Partial joint replacement surgery. Herniated Disc – A condition where the soft center of a spinal disc pushes out. Hip Dysplasia – A condition where the hip joint is abnormally formed. Hyaline Cartilage – Smooth cartilage that covers the ends of bones. Impingement Syndrome – Shoulder pain due to repetitive overhead activities. Internal Fixation – A surgical procedure using plates or screws to hold bones together. Joint – The point where two or more bones meet. Joint Aspiration – Removing fluid from a joint for diagnosis or treatment. Kinesiology Tape – A tape used to support injured muscles and joints. Labrum – A ring of cartilage that supports and stabilizes joints. Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) – The ligament on the outer side of the knee. Ligaments – Strong bands of tissue connecting bones to each other. Limb Length Discrepancy – When one limb is shorter than the other. Malunion – Improper healing of a fractured bone. Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) – A ligament in the knee that provides stability. Meniscus – A piece of cartilage in the knee that cushions and stabilizes. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) – Imaging to view soft tissues and bones. Nonunion – Failure of a fractured bone to heal properly. Osteoarthritis – The most common form of arthritis, caused by wear and tear. Osteoblasts – Cells that build new bone tissue. Osteoclasts – Cells that break down bone tissue. Osteomyelitis – A serious infection in the bone. Osteopenia – Low bone density that may lead to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis – A condition that weakens bones and makes them prone to fractures. Orthotics – Custom devices used to support and align feet. Patella – The kneecap, which protects the knee joint. Pelvic Fracture – A break in the bones of the pelvis. Plantar Fasciitis – Inflammation of the tissue on the bottom of the foot. Prosthesis – An artificial device to replace a missing body part. Pseudarthrosis – A false joint that forms when a bone does not heal properly. Radial Head Fracture – A fracture of the elbow joint. Radius – One of the two bones in the forearm. Rehabilitation – Exercises and therapies to restore function after an injury. Rheumatoid Arthritis – An autoimmune disease affecting joints. Rotator Cuff – A group of muscles and tendons stabilizing the shoulder. Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction – Pain caused by improper movement in the sacroiliac joints. Scaphoid Fracture – A common wrist fracture. Sciatica – Pain radiating along the sciatic nerve from the lower back. Soft Tissue – Muscles, ligaments, and tendons supporting bones. Spinal Fusion – A surgical procedure to permanently join two or more vertebrae. Spinal Stenosis – Narrowing of spaces in the spine, causing nerve pressure. Sprain – Stretching or tearing of ligaments. Stress Fracture – A small crack in a bone caused by repetitive force. Subluxation – A partial dislocation of a joint. Synovitis – Inflammation of the synovial membrane in joints. Tendinitis – Inflammation of a tendon. Tendon – A tissue that connects muscle to bone. Tenotomy – Surgical cutting of a tendon. Tibia – The larger of the two bones in the lower leg. Total Joint Replacement – Surgery to replace a damaged joint with an artificial one. Traction – A treatment to realign bones using weights or pulleys. Trigger Finger – A condition where a finger gets stuck in a bent position. Ulna – The longer bone of the forearm. X-ray – A common imaging technique to view bones. Z-plasty – A surgical technique to improve the function of scarred skin.

Spine Appointments Shoulder Arthritis Arthritis in the shoulder joint can result from various causes, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis. Symptoms typically include shoulder pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. Biceps Tendonitis Biceps tendonitis involves inflammation of the long head of the biceps tendon, which runs from the shoulder to the elbow. Symptoms include shoulder pain, particularly in the front of the shoulder, and may worsen with overhead activities or lifting. Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) Frozen shoulder is characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint, often resulting from inflammation and tightening of the shoulder capsule. Symptoms typically progress slowly and may worsen over time, leading to significant limitations in shoulder mobility. Labral Tear The labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint, providing stability and cushioning. Tears in the labrum can occur due to trauma, overuse, or repetitive shoulder movements. Symptoms may include shoulder pain, clicking or popping sensations, and feelings of instability. Instability of Shoulder This condition involves excessive movement or looseness of the shoulder joint, which can result in frequent dislocations or subluxations (partial dislocations). Symptoms may include a sensation of the shoulder "slipping out of place," pain, weakness, and decreased range of motion. Impingement Syndrome This condition occurs when the rotator cuff tendons become pinched or compressed between the bones in the shoulder. Symptoms often include shoulder pain, particularly with overhead movements, and may worsen with repetitive activities. Rotator Cuff Tear This is a common shoulder injury involving damage to the muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. Symptoms include shoulder pain, weakness, limited range of motion, and difficulty with overhead activities. Tendonitis Tendonitis, or tendinitis, involves inflammation or irritation of a tendon, typically due to overuse or repetitive motion

Fractures don’t have to be overwhelming. Learn about types, causes, symptoms, and treatments with compassionate, expert guidance to support your confident healing journey. Understanding Fractures Fractures can be a challenging and sometimes overwhelming experience, but understanding them can help you feel more confident about your journey to healing. Our goal is to provide clear, compassionate guidance to help you or your loved ones navigate this process with confidence and support. Definition and Types of Fractures A fracture, commonly known as a broken bone, occurs when the force applied to a bone is greater than it can withstand. Fractures can vary in severity and complexity, ranging from minor hairline cracks to complete breaks. Understanding the type of fracture you have is essential in determining the best course of treatment. The most common types of fractures include: Closed (Simple) Fracture: The bone breaks but does not pierce the skin. Open (Compound) Fracture: The bone breaks and protrudes through the skin, increasing the risk of infection. Displaced Fracture: The broken bone ends are out of alignment and may require surgery to reposition. Non-Displaced Fracture: The bone breaks but remains properly aligned. Stress Fracture: A small crack in the bone caused by repetitive stress, often seen in athletes. Greenstick Fracture: A partial fracture where the bone bends and cracks, more common in children. Comminuted Fracture: The bone shatters into multiple pieces, often requiring surgical intervention. Causes and Risk Factors Fractures can happen unexpectedly, and understanding the causes and risk factors can help prevent future injuries. Some of the most common causes include: Trauma or Injury: Falls, car accidents, or sports injuries can place excessive force on bones, leading to fractures. Overuse: Repetitive activities, such as running or jumping, can cause stress fractures over time. Osteoporosis: This condition weakens bones, making them more susceptible to fractures, especially in older adults. Nutritional Deficiencies: A lack of calcium and vitamin D can weaken bones and increase the likelihood of fractures. Medical Conditions: Certain conditions, such as cancer or diabetes, can weaken bones and make fractures more likely. Aging: As we age, our bones naturally become less dense and more fragile, increasing the risk of fractures. Symptoms and Diagnosis Recognizing the symptoms of a fracture early can lead to prompt treatment and better outcomes. Some of the most common signs include: Pain: Immediate and intense pain at the site of injury, which may worsen with movement. Swelling and Bruising: The injured area may become swollen, tender, and discolored. Deformity: In severe cases, the bone may appear out of place or misaligned. Limited Mobility: Difficulty moving the affected area or bearing weight. Numbness or Tingling: This can indicate nerve involvement and requires immediate medical attention. If you suspect a fracture, seeking medical care is crucial. Diagnosis typically involves: Physical Examination: A healthcare provider will assess the injury and check for signs of a fracture. X-rays: The most common imaging technique to confirm a fracture and determine its severity. CT Scan or MRI: In complex cases, these advanced imaging methods provide a more detailed view of the injury. At our practice, we understand that experiencing a fracture can be difficult. Our compassionate team is here to provide expert care and support every step of the way. Whether you're seeking information or treatment, we're dedicated to helping you get back to doing the things you love.

Discover patient-centric orthopedic care at Next Journey Orthopaedics. Our dedicated team focuses on delivering the optimal experience for each patient, ensuring personalized treatment plans and compassionate support. Let's work together to figure the best solutions for your musculoskeletal care." Top of Page Non-Operative Treatment Fractures Operative Treatment Surgery Experience Treatment Appointments Diagnoses Before surgery is recommended, the risk and benefits of alternative treatments is considered for each condition. Non operative and the least invasive measures like prevention, rest, heat, ice compression, therapy, NSAIDS, Tylenol, muscle relaxants, and pain alleviating devices are considered. Surgery is recommended when it offers a greater clinical outcome or there was a failure to resolve symptoms by other methods. Non-operative Fractures Operative Surgery Experience

Recover faster and stronger with Next Journey Orthopaedics. Uncover expert insights on bone healing stages, nutrition for recovery, and personalized care to regain your mobility. Healing Process Recovering from a fracture is a journey that requires patience, care, and the right support. At Next Journey Orthopaedics, we’re here to guide you every step of the way with expert insights and compassionate care. Understanding how your body heals can provide reassurance and help you take the necessary steps to support your recovery. Stages of Bone Healing Bone healing is a natural process that occurs in distinct stages, each playing a crucial role in restoring strength and function: Inflammation Phase (First Few Days): Immediately after a fracture, the body responds by sending blood to the injury site, forming a clot that protects the area and initiates healing. Soft Callus Formation (1-2 Weeks): Special cells called fibroblasts produce a soft callus made of collagen that bridges the broken bone ends, providing initial stability. Hard Callus Formation (4-6 Weeks): The soft callus gradually hardens as minerals like calcium and phosphorus are deposited, strengthening the bone. Bone Remodeling (Several Months to a Year): The bone continues to reshape and strengthen, gradually restoring its normal structure and function. Every stage is essential, and it's important to follow your treatment plan carefully to support your body's healing process. Factors Affecting Healing Several factors can influence how quickly and effectively your bone heals: Age: Younger individuals generally heal faster due to a more robust bone regeneration process. Overall Health: Conditions such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and poor circulation can slow healing. Nutrition: A balanced diet rich in essential vitamins and minerals supports the healing process. Activity Level: Following your doctor's recommendations for rest and gradual activity helps avoid complications. Smoking and Alcohol Use: These can impair blood flow and delay healing, so it's best to avoid them during your recovery. Taking a proactive approach by maintaining a healthy lifestyle can make a significant difference in your recovery. Diet to Help Bone Healing and Avoid Inflammation Nutrition plays a critical role in bone healing. Eating the right foods can help speed up recovery and reduce inflammation: Protein-Rich Foods: Lean meats, fish, beans, and nuts provide the building blocks your body needs to repair bone tissue. Leafy Greens: Spinach, kale, and broccoli are rich in vitamins and minerals essential for bone strength. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in foods like salmon, walnuts, and flaxseeds, these can help reduce inflammation and promote healing. Anti-Inflammatory Foods: Turmeric, ginger, and berries contain antioxidants that help combat inflammation. Hydration: Staying well-hydrated supports overall cellular function and nutrient transport. Avoid processed foods, sugary drinks, and excessive caffeine, as they can contribute to inflammation and slow healing. Calcium and Vitamin D Recommendations Based on Age and Gender Calcium and Vitamin D are essential for bone health, and your needs change based on your age and gender: Children (Ages 4-8): 1,000 mg of calcium and 600 IU of vitamin D daily. Teens (Ages 9-18): 1,300 mg of calcium and 600 IU of vitamin D daily. Adults (Ages 19-50): 1,000 mg of calcium and 600 IU of vitamin D daily. Women Over 50 and Men Over 70: 1,200 mg of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D daily. Good sources of calcium include dairy products, fortified plant milks, and leafy greens, while vitamin D can be obtained through sunlight, fatty fish, and supplements if necessary. Expected Recovery Timelines While every fracture is unique, general recovery timelines can provide an idea of what to expect: Small Bone Fractures (Fingers, Toes): 3-6 weeks Upper Limb Fractures (Arm, Wrist, Shoulder): 6-12 weeks Lower Limb Fractures (Leg, Ankle, Foot): 12-16 weeks Complex or Severe Fractures: Several months to a year Your personal healing journey may vary depending on the type of fracture, your overall health, and how well you follow your recovery plan. Our team is here to support you, answer your questions, and adjust your treatment as needed to ensure the best possible outcome. Remember, healing takes time, but with the right care and support, you can regain strength and get back to doing the things you love. If you have any questions or concerns about your recovery, don't hesitate to reach out to us. We're in this together!

Explore our guide on lower extremity ergonomics, featuring ergonomic chairs like gaming and yoga ball chairs, kneeling options, and sciatic pillows. Discover standing desks and supportive mats designed to enhance comfort and posture for those who sit or stand for long periods. Lower Extremity Ergonomics Appointments Chairs Gaming Chair Purpose: to provide ergonomic support and comfort during prolonged sitting Features: adjustable armrests, lumbar support, neck support, and reclining capabilities Example: Gaming Chair Yoga Ball Chair Purpose: to provide a comfortable and ergonomic seating option that promotes active sitting and improves posture Features: Lumbar Support, Sciatic Support, Adjustable height, Adjustable Armrests Example: Gaiam Yoga Chair Kneeling Chair Purpose: to promote proper posture, reduce lower back strain, and alleviate discomfort associated with prolonged sitting Features: forward-sloping seat and knee pads Example: Ergonomic Kneeling Chair, Sleekform Austin Kneeling Chair Sciatic Pillow Purpose: designed to alleviate pressure on the sciatic nerve, providing pain relief and support for individuals suffering from sciatica Features: Contoured seating, memory foam or gel Example: Sciatic Pillow Standing Desk Purpose: designed to alleviate pressure on the sciatic nerve, providing pain relief and support for individuals suffering from sciatica Features: Contoured seating, memory foam or gel Example: Sciatic Pillow Foot Standing Mat Purpose: to provide cushioning, support, and ergonomic benefits to individuals who stand for extended periods, particularly in work or home environments Features: alleviate pressure on the feet, knees, and lower back Example: Topo Standing Mat

If you've been injured at work, understanding workers' compensation is essential for accessing medical care and wage replacement. This guide outlines how to start a claim, gather required documentation, and navigate the process efficiently. Get the support you need to focus on recovery—contact us for assistance today! Work Related Injuries Work-related injuries can have a significant impact on patients. The surprise impact of such injuries can be confusing on what to do for the next steps. Workers' compensation is a crucial system designed to protect employees who suffer injuries or illnesses in the workplace. It provides financial assistance and medical benefits to injured workers, regardless of who was at fault for the accident. This system aims to ensure that injured workers receive prompt medical treatment and compensation for any lost wages, enabling them to recover and return to work as quickly and safely as possible. Submit Paperwork Is your work related injury a worker compensation injury? Report the injury to your employer immediately or as soon as possible, providing details of how and when the injury occurred. - Your employer should file a report with the Virginia Workers’ Compensation Commission  within 10 days. -You should also file this Claim for Benefits Form  directly with the commission to let them know about your accident. -The insurance company will investigate your claim, including reviewing your medical records and confirming the injury with your employer. Once you file your claim you will receive a JCN and PIN number for online access to your WebFile Account. What you need to schedule your appointment 1. Name of the insurance that is managing the workers compensation case 2. Letter authorizing medical treatment from assigned adjuster specifically for Dr. Scott or Next Journey Orthopaedics a. Claim Number b. Payer specific address (including P.O. box) c. Employer name d. Address of the employer e. State of injury f. Date of injury g. Adjustors first and last name h. Email and phone number i. Injury location on the body 3. Photo ID 4. Any documents that may be helpful to the provider Worker's Compensation Resources Claim Form Injured Guide Virginia Worker's Compensation Glossary Injured Worker FAQ Virginia Worker's Compensation Contact Information EMAIL: questions@workcomp.virginia.gov PHONE: (877) 664-2566 MAILING ADDRESS Virginia Workers’ Compensation Commission 333 East Franklin Street Richmond, VA 23219 Click Here to Submit Paperwork

Explore our comprehensive range of orthopedic supports designed for the pelvis, hip, knee, ankle, and foot. From neoprene sleeves and hip braces to cam boots and plantar fasciitis braces, our products provide targeted support, stability, and pain relief for various injuries and conditions. Discover the right solutions to enhance your recovery and mobility today! Lower Extremities Hip Osteoarthritis Degenerative wear-and-tear of the hip joint cartilage causing pain, stiffness and reduced range of motion, typically affecting older adults and those with risk factors like obesity or prior injury. Hip pain and stiffness with weight bearing; decreased internal rotation on exam; radiographic joint‘space narrowing. Lifestyle modification, weight loss, physical therapy, NSAIDs, heat/ice and assistive devices. Hip pain and stiffness with weight bearing; decreased internal rotation on exam; radiographic joint‘space narrowing. Trochanteric Bursitis Inflammation of the bursa over the greater trochanter causing lateral hip, thigh and buttock pain, often worsened by lying on the affected side or climbing stairs. Tenderness over greater trochanter; pain when lying on the affected side; pain with hip abduction. Rest, activity modification, NSAIDs, use of cane or crutches, physical therapy and corticosteroid injections. Tenderness over greater trochanter; pain when lying on the affected side; pain with hip abduction. Hip Labral Tear A tear of the hip's labrum causing hip pain, stiffness, clicking or popping and instability; often associated with femoroacetabular impingement or trauma. Clicking/catching with hip movement; positive FADIR or FABER impingement tests; decreased range of motion. NSAIDs, activity modification, physical therapy to strengthen hip muscles, corticosteroid injections. Clicking/catching with hip movement; positive FADIR or FABER impingement tests; decreased range of motion. Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) A condition where abnormal bone shape causes the hip bones to rub together, leading to pain, stiffness and limping; may progress to labral tears and cartilage damage. Pain with hip flexion and internal rotation; positive FADIR test; limited hip range of motion. Activity modification, NSAIDs, corticosteroid injections, physical therapy and hip‘strengthening exercises. Pain with hip flexion and internal rotation; positive FADIR test; limited hip range of motion. Hip Flexor Strain Tear or overstretching of the hip flexor muscles resulting in pain at the front of the hip, tightness, bruising and difficulty walking. Pain with active hip flexion and stretching; tenderness over hip flexor; muscle weakness or spasms. RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), NSAIDs, gentle stretching and progressive strengthening with physical therapy. Pain with active hip flexion and stretching; tenderness over hip flexor; muscle weakness or spasms. Avascular Necrosis of the Hip Bone death due to loss of blood supply to the femoral head, leading to hip pain, stiffness and eventual joint collapse; associated with trauma, steroid use and alcoholism. Progressive hip pain, limited range of motion, imaging showing femoral head collapse. Early stages: rest, walking aids, NSAIDs, physical therapy and treating underlying cause. Progressive hip pain, limited range of motion, imaging showing femoral head collapse. Knee Osteoarthritis Degenerative loss of knee cartilage leading to pain, swelling, stiffness and instability; risk factors include age, obesity, prior injury and repetitive stress. Crepitus on movement; reduced range of motion; joint‘space narrowing on X-ray. Weight management, activity modification, physical therapy, NSAIDs, bracing and injections. Crepitus on movement; reduced range of motion; joint‘space narrowing on X-ray. ACL Tear A rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament often due to sports injury, causing a popping sound, swelling, pain and knee instability. Positive Lachman and pivot shift tests; rapid joint effusion; inability to continue activity. RICE, knee bracing, NSAIDs and physical therapy to restore range of motion; long-term bracing for non-athletes. Positive Lachman and pivot shift tests; rapid joint effusion; inability to continue activity. Patellar Tendinitis Inflammation of the patellar tendon from repetitive stress, causing pain below the kneecap, tenderness and stiffness. Tenderness at the inferior pole of the patella; pain with jumping or squatting; positive decline squat test. Rest, ice, elevation, NSAIDs, knee brace/strap and gradual strengthening of quadriceps and hamstrings. Tenderness at the inferior pole of the patella; pain with jumping or squatting; positive decline squat test. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Anterior knee pain around the kneecap due to malalignment, overuse, weak muscles or tight hamstrings; symptoms include pain during activity, pain after prolonged sitting and grinding sensation. Pain with patellar compression or squatting; positive Clarke's test; maltracking of the patella. Rest from aggravating activity, strengthening of quadriceps and hip abductors, stretching of hamstrings and calves, use of orthotics or taping. Pain with patellar compression or squatting; positive Clarke's test; maltracking of the patella. MCL/LCL Sprain Sprain of the knee's medial or lateral collateral ligaments caused by a force pushing the knee sideways; symptoms include pain, swelling and instability; injuries are graded I-III. Pain along the inner or outer knee; laxity on valgus or varus stress tests; swelling and bruising. RICE, bracing to limit sideways stress, NSAIDs and physical therapy; grade I/II injuries heal without surgery. Pain along the inner or outer knee; laxity on valgus or varus stress tests; swelling and bruising. Ankle Sprain Injury to the ankle ligaments, usually on the lateral side, caused by twisting the foot; symptoms include pain, swelling, tenderness and difficulty walking. Swelling and bruising around the ankle; pain with inversion or eversion; positive anterior drawer test. Protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation (PRICE), NSAIDs and early mobilization with physical therapy. Swelling and bruising around the ankle; pain with inversion or eversion; positive anterior drawer test. Achilles Tendinitis Overuse injury causing inflammation and degeneration of the Achilles tendon, resulting in heel and ankle pain, stiffness, swelling and weakness. Tenderness along the Achilles tendon; pain with dorsiflexion and plantarflexion; thickened tendon. Rest, ice, NSAIDs, calf stretching and eccentric strengthening exercises, supportive shoes or orthotics. Tenderness along the Achilles tendon; pain with dorsiflexion and plantarflexion; thickened tendon. Shin Splints Inflammation of muscles and tissues along the shin bone from overuse, causing pain and tenderness along the inner lower leg with possible mild swelling. Pain along the tibia during running or jumping; tenderness to touch; history of increased activity. Rest, ice, NSAIDs, reducing training intensity, proper footwear, orthotics, calf stretching and gradual return to activity. Pain along the tibia during running or jumping; tenderness to touch; history of increased activity. Posterior Tibial Tendonitis & Dysfunction Inflammation and degeneration of the posterior tibial tendon that supports the foot arch; early symptoms include pain and swelling along the inside of the foot and ankle and later lead to a flattened arch. Pain on the inside of the foot/ankle; swelling; flattening of the arch; inability to perform single‑leg heel raise. Rest, immobilization with brace or cast, orthotics, NSAIDs, physical therapy and weight management. Pain on the inside of the foot/ankle; swelling; flattening of the arch; inability to perform single‑leg heel raise. Stress Fracture (Leg/Foot) Small cracks in the bones of the lower leg or foot caused by repetitive stress; symptoms include focal pain, tenderness and swelling that worsen with activity. Point tenderness over the bone; pain worsening with activity; imaging (MRI/bone scan) confirming fracture. Rest from weight‑bearing activities, protective footwear or boot, low‑impact cross‑training, adequate nutrition and physical therapy. Point tenderness over the bone; pain worsening with activity; imaging (MRI/bone scan) confirming fracture. Plantar Fasciitis Inflammation of the plantar fascia, causing heel pain often worst with the first steps in the morning; may take months to a year to heal due to limited blood supply. Heel pain with first steps in the morning or after sitting; tenderness at medial calcaneal tubercle; positive Windlass test. Rest, stretching of the plantar fascia and calf muscles, icing, supportive footwear and orthotics, night splints and gradual return to activity. Heel pain with first steps in the morning or after sitting; tenderness at medial calcaneal tubercle; positive Windlass test. Plantar Plate Tear / Metatarsalgia Tear or attenuation of the plantar plate at the ball of the foot causing metatarsalgia; symptoms include forefoot pain, swelling and the sensation of walking on a pebble; healing often takes several months. Pain at the second metatarsophalangeal joint; dorsal swelling; positive toe drawer test for instability. Taping or splinting the toe, stiff‑soled shoes, orthotics with metatarsal pads, rest, ice, NSAIDs and physical therapy. Pain at the second metatarsophalangeal joint; dorsal swelling; positive toe drawer test for instability. Hallux Limitus / Rigidus Progressive stiffness and pain in the big toe joint due to osteoarthritis; symptoms include difficulty bending the toe, swelling and bone spurs; advanced cases are called hallux rigidus. Limited dorsiflexion of the big toe; palpable dorsal bone spurs; pain with dorsiflexion. Proper fitting shoes with wide toe box and rigid sole, rest, ice, orthotics, physical therapy, NSAIDs and corticosteroid injections. Limited dorsiflexion of the big toe; palpable dorsal bone spurs; pain with dorsiflexion. Meniscus Tear A meniscus tear is a tear of the C-shaped cartilage between the femur and tibia. It causes knee pain, swelling, and a feeling that the knee locks or gives way, often after a twisting injury or degenerative wear. Meniscus tears are common in athletes and older adults. Knee pain with twisting or squatting; catching or locking sensation; tenderness along the joint line; positive McMurray test. Follow the RICE protocol (rest, ice for 15–20 min every few hours, compression with a bandage or knee sleeve, elevation); take NSAIDs for pain and swelling; use a knee brace or sleeve for support; work with a physical therapist to restore range of motion and strengthen the quadriceps and hamstrings; avoid impact activities and twisting motions; consider platelet-rich plasma injections or cortisone if symptoms persist. Knee pain with twisting or squatting; catching or locking sensation; tenderness along the joint line; positive McMurray test. Achilles Tendon Rupture An Achilles tendon rupture is a complete tear of the large tendon connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. It often occurs during sudden, forceful movements, such as sprinting or jumping, and causes sudden pain and swelling at the back of the ankle. Many people hear a pop and feel like they were kicked in the leg and have difficulty pushing off or pointing the foot downward Sudden posterior ankle pain and swelling, audible pop, inability to plantarflex/push off or stand on tiptoe, positive Thompson test (no foot movement when calf is squeezed) Initial management follows the RICE protocol-rest, ice, compression and elevation-”followed by immobilization in a cast or walking boot with the foot pointed downward for 8-10 weeks. Physical therapy is essential and typically lasts 4-6 months, focusing on progressive weight-bearing, strengthening and range-of-motion exercises. Nonoperative care is reserved for less active individuals when the rupture is recognized early. Sudden posterior ankle pain and swelling, audible pop, inability to plantarflex/push off or stand on tiptoe, positive Thompson test (no foot movement when calf is squeezed) Peroneal Tendinitis Peroneal tendinitis is inflammation of the peroneal tendons that run along the outer ankle and foot. It causes pain and swelling on the outside of the ankle, tenderness behind the fibula, and a warm, thickened tendon. The condition usually results from overuse or repetitive ankle motions and is common in runners, people with high arches, or those wearing unsupportive shoes. Lateral ankle pain and swelling; Tenderness behind the fibula aggravated by resisted eversion and dorsiflexion; Pain during sid-to-side ankle movements Rest and protect the ankle by avoiding activities that trigger pain. Use the RICE protocol-rest, ice applied for 20 minutes every 2 hours, compression with a wrap or brace, and elevation to reduce swelling. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs relieve pain. A walking boot or ankle brace may be used for immobilization followed by physical therapy to strengthen the peroneal and calf muscles and correct biomechanics. Supportive shoes, orthotics, and gradual return to activity are recommended. Lateral ankle pain and swelling; Tenderness behind the fibula aggravated by resisted eversion and dorsiflexion; Pain during sid-to-side ankle movements Bunion (Hallux Valgus) A bunion is a bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe when the toe deviates toward the other toes. This deformity gradually widens the front of the foot and can cause pain, redness, swelling and calluses, especially when wearing tight shoes. Risk factors include inherited foot structure, weak tendons and ligaments, rheumatoid arthritis and wearing narrow, high-heeled shoes Visible bump at the base of the big toe; Big toe angled toward the second toe; Pain and swelling at the metatarsophalangeal joint exacerbated by narrow shoes; Limited motion of the big toe Wear flat, well fitting shoes with a wide toe box and avoid high heels. Use bunion pads, toe spacers or splints at night to reduce pressure and slow progression apply NSAID gels or take short courses of anti-inflammatory tablets for pain relief Custom orthotics or shoe inserts can redistribute pressure and walking barefoot on soft surfaces may improve comfort. Seek physical therapy for gait training. Visible bump at the base of the big toe; Big toe angled toward the second toe; Pain and swelling at the metatarsophalangeal joint exacerbated by narrow shoes; Limited motion of the big toe Morton's Neuroma Morton's neuroma is a thickening of the tissue around a digital nerve between the toes, most commonly between the third and fourth metatarsals. It causes burning or sharp pain in the ball of the foot that may radiate into the toes, often described as feeling like walking on a pebble. High-heeled or tight, narrow shoes and repetitive stress can aggravate the condition Persistent burning or sharp pain in the ball of the foot radiating to the toes; Sensation of a pebble or marble under the foot while walking; Numbness or tingling in the toes that worsens with weightbearing or tight footwear Change footwear to wide, low‑heeled shoes with cushioned soles and avoid high heels. Use custom orthoses or metatarsal pads to separate the metatarsals and reduce pressure on the nervehttps://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/mortons-neuroma#:~:text=,the%20pressure%20on%20the%20neuroma. NSAIDs or other anti‑inflammatory medications can relieve painhttps://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/mortons-neuroma#:~:text=Studies%20have%20shown%20that%20many,and%2For%20corticosteroid%20injections. Corticosteroid injections may reduce swelling and inflammation of the nervehttps://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/mortons-neuroma#:~:text=,from%20sending%20out%20pain%20signals; nerve ablation or shockwave therapy can be considered. Activity modification and physical therapy to stretch and strengthen the foot can also help. Persistent burning or sharp pain in the ball of the foot radiating to the toes; Sensation of a pebble or marble under the foot while walking; Numbness or tingling in the toes that worsens with weightbearing or tight footwear Hip Osteoarthritis Degenerative wear-and-tear of the hip joint cartilage causing pain, stiffness and reduced range of motion, typically affecting older adults and those with risk factors like obesity or prior injury. Hip pain and stiffness with weight bearing; decreased internal rotation on exam; radiographic joint‘space narrowing. Lifestyle modification, weight loss, physical therapy, NSAIDs, heat/ice and assistive devices. Hip pain and stiffness with weight bearing; decreased internal rotation on exam; radiographic joint‘space narrowing. Trochanteric Bursitis Inflammation of the bursa over the greater trochanter causing lateral hip, thigh and buttock pain, often worsened by lying on the affected side or climbing stairs. Tenderness over greater trochanter; pain when lying on the affected side; pain with hip abduction. Rest, activity modification, NSAIDs, use of cane or crutches, physical therapy and corticosteroid injections. Tenderness over greater trochanter; pain when lying on the affected side; pain with hip abduction. Hip Labral Tear A tear of the hip's labrum causing hip pain, stiffness, clicking or popping and instability; often associated with femoroacetabular impingement or trauma. Clicking/catching with hip movement; positive FADIR or FABER impingement tests; decreased range of motion. NSAIDs, activity modification, physical therapy to strengthen hip muscles, corticosteroid injections. Clicking/catching with hip movement; positive FADIR or FABER impingement tests; decreased range of motion. Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) A condition where abnormal bone shape causes the hip bones to rub together, leading to pain, stiffness and limping; may progress to labral tears and cartilage damage. Pain with hip flexion and internal rotation; positive FADIR test; limited hip range of motion. Activity modification, NSAIDs, corticosteroid injections, physical therapy and hip‘strengthening exercises. Pain with hip flexion and internal rotation; positive FADIR test; limited hip range of motion. Hip Flexor Strain Tear or overstretching of the hip flexor muscles resulting in pain at the front of the hip, tightness, bruising and difficulty walking. Pain with active hip flexion and stretching; tenderness over hip flexor; muscle weakness or spasms. RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), NSAIDs, gentle stretching and progressive strengthening with physical therapy. Pain with active hip flexion and stretching; tenderness over hip flexor; muscle weakness or spasms. Avascular Necrosis of the Hip Bone death due to loss of blood supply to the femoral head, leading to hip pain, stiffness and eventual joint collapse; associated with trauma, steroid use and alcoholism. Progressive hip pain, limited range of motion, imaging showing femoral head collapse. Early stages: rest, walking aids, NSAIDs, physical therapy and treating underlying cause. Progressive hip pain, limited range of motion, imaging showing femoral head collapse. Knee Osteoarthritis Degenerative loss of knee cartilage leading to pain, swelling, stiffness and instability; risk factors include age, obesity, prior injury and repetitive stress. Crepitus on movement; reduced range of motion; joint‘space narrowing on X-ray. Weight management, activity modification, physical therapy, NSAIDs, bracing and injections. Crepitus on movement; reduced range of motion; joint‘space narrowing on X-ray. ACL Tear A rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament often due to sports injury, causing a popping sound, swelling, pain and knee instability. Positive Lachman and pivot shift tests; rapid joint effusion; inability to continue activity. RICE, knee bracing, NSAIDs and physical therapy to restore range of motion; long-term bracing for non-athletes. Positive Lachman and pivot shift tests; rapid joint effusion; inability to continue activity. Patellar Tendinitis Inflammation of the patellar tendon from repetitive stress, causing pain below the kneecap, tenderness and stiffness. Tenderness at the inferior pole of the patella; pain with jumping or squatting; positive decline squat test. Rest, ice, elevation, NSAIDs, knee brace/strap and gradual strengthening of quadriceps and hamstrings. Tenderness at the inferior pole of the patella; pain with jumping or squatting; positive decline squat test. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Anterior knee pain around the kneecap due to malalignment, overuse, weak muscles or tight hamstrings; symptoms include pain during activity, pain after prolonged sitting and grinding sensation. Pain with patellar compression or squatting; positive Clarke's test; maltracking of the patella. Rest from aggravating activity, strengthening of quadriceps and hip abductors, stretching of hamstrings and calves, use of orthotics or taping. Pain with patellar compression or squatting; positive Clarke's test; maltracking of the patella. MCL/LCL Sprain Sprain of the knee's medial or lateral collateral ligaments caused by a force pushing the knee sideways; symptoms include pain, swelling and instability; injuries are graded I-III. Pain along the inner or outer knee; laxity on valgus or varus stress tests; swelling and bruising. RICE, bracing to limit sideways stress, NSAIDs and physical therapy; grade I/II injuries heal without surgery. Pain along the inner or outer knee; laxity on valgus or varus stress tests; swelling and bruising. Ankle Sprain Injury to the ankle ligaments, usually on the lateral side, caused by twisting the foot; symptoms include pain, swelling, tenderness and difficulty walking. Swelling and bruising around the ankle; pain with inversion or eversion; positive anterior drawer test. Protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation (PRICE), NSAIDs and early mobilization with physical therapy. Swelling and bruising around the ankle; pain with inversion or eversion; positive anterior drawer test. Achilles Tendinitis Overuse injury causing inflammation and degeneration of the Achilles tendon, resulting in heel and ankle pain, stiffness, swelling and weakness. Tenderness along the Achilles tendon; pain with dorsiflexion and plantarflexion; thickened tendon. Rest, ice, NSAIDs, calf stretching and eccentric strengthening exercises, supportive shoes or orthotics. Tenderness along the Achilles tendon; pain with dorsiflexion and plantarflexion; thickened tendon. Shin Splints Inflammation of muscles and tissues along the shin bone from overuse, causing pain and tenderness along the inner lower leg with possible mild swelling. Pain along the tibia during running or jumping; tenderness to touch; history of increased activity. Rest, ice, NSAIDs, reducing training intensity, proper footwear, orthotics, calf stretching and gradual return to activity. Pain along the tibia during running or jumping; tenderness to touch; history of increased activity. Posterior Tibial Tendonitis & Dysfunction Inflammation and degeneration of the posterior tibial tendon that supports the foot arch; early symptoms include pain and swelling along the inside of the foot and ankle and later lead to a flattened arch. Pain on the inside of the foot/ankle; swelling; flattening of the arch; inability to perform single‑leg heel raise. Rest, immobilization with brace or cast, orthotics, NSAIDs, physical therapy and weight management. Pain on the inside of the foot/ankle; swelling; flattening of the arch; inability to perform single‑leg heel raise. Stress Fracture (Leg/Foot) Small cracks in the bones of the lower leg or foot caused by repetitive stress; symptoms include focal pain, tenderness and swelling that worsen with activity. Point tenderness over the bone; pain worsening with activity; imaging (MRI/bone scan) confirming fracture. Rest from weight‑bearing activities, protective footwear or boot, low‑impact cross‑training, adequate nutrition and physical therapy. Point tenderness over the bone; pain worsening with activity; imaging (MRI/bone scan) confirming fracture. Plantar Fasciitis Inflammation of the plantar fascia, causing heel pain often worst with the first steps in the morning; may take months to a year to heal due to limited blood supply. Heel pain with first steps in the morning or after sitting; tenderness at medial calcaneal tubercle; positive Windlass test. Rest, stretching of the plantar fascia and calf muscles, icing, supportive footwear and orthotics, night splints and gradual return to activity. Heel pain with first steps in the morning or after sitting; tenderness at medial calcaneal tubercle; positive Windlass test. Plantar Plate Tear / Metatarsalgia Tear or attenuation of the plantar plate at the ball of the foot causing metatarsalgia; symptoms include forefoot pain, swelling and the sensation of walking on a pebble; healing often takes several months. Pain at the second metatarsophalangeal joint; dorsal swelling; positive toe drawer test for instability. Taping or splinting the toe, stiff‑soled shoes, orthotics with metatarsal pads, rest, ice, NSAIDs and physical therapy. Pain at the second metatarsophalangeal joint; dorsal swelling; positive toe drawer test for instability. Hallux Limitus / Rigidus Progressive stiffness and pain in the big toe joint due to osteoarthritis; symptoms include difficulty bending the toe, swelling and bone spurs; advanced cases are called hallux rigidus. Limited dorsiflexion of the big toe; palpable dorsal bone spurs; pain with dorsiflexion. Proper fitting shoes with wide toe box and rigid sole, rest, ice, orthotics, physical therapy, NSAIDs and corticosteroid injections. Limited dorsiflexion of the big toe; palpable dorsal bone spurs; pain with dorsiflexion. Meniscus Tear A meniscus tear is a tear of the C-shaped cartilage between the femur and tibia. It causes knee pain, swelling, and a feeling that the knee locks or gives way, often after a twisting injury or degenerative wear. Meniscus tears are common in athletes and older adults. Knee pain with twisting or squatting; catching or locking sensation; tenderness along the joint line; positive McMurray test. Follow the RICE protocol (rest, ice for 15–20 min every few hours, compression with a bandage or knee sleeve, elevation); take NSAIDs for pain and swelling; use a knee brace or sleeve for support; work with a physical therapist to restore range of motion and strengthen the quadriceps and hamstrings; avoid impact activities and twisting motions; consider platelet-rich plasma injections or cortisone if symptoms persist. Knee pain with twisting or squatting; catching or locking sensation; tenderness along the joint line; positive McMurray test. Achilles Tendon Rupture An Achilles tendon rupture is a complete tear of the large tendon connecting the calf muscles to the heel bone. It often occurs during sudden, forceful movements, such as sprinting or jumping, and causes sudden pain and swelling at the back of the ankle. Many people hear a pop and feel like they were kicked in the leg and have difficulty pushing off or pointing the foot downward Sudden posterior ankle pain and swelling, audible pop, inability to plantarflex/push off or stand on tiptoe, positive Thompson test (no foot movement when calf is squeezed) Initial management follows the RICE protocol-rest, ice, compression and elevation-”followed by immobilization in a cast or walking boot with the foot pointed downward for 8-10 weeks. Physical therapy is essential and typically lasts 4-6 months, focusing on progressive weight-bearing, strengthening and range-of-motion exercises. Nonoperative care is reserved for less active individuals when the rupture is recognized early. Sudden posterior ankle pain and swelling, audible pop, inability to plantarflex/push off or stand on tiptoe, positive Thompson test (no foot movement when calf is squeezed) Peroneal Tendinitis Peroneal tendinitis is inflammation of the peroneal tendons that run along the outer ankle and foot. It causes pain and swelling on the outside of the ankle, tenderness behind the fibula, and a warm, thickened tendon. The condition usually results from overuse or repetitive ankle motions and is common in runners, people with high arches, or those wearing unsupportive shoes. Lateral ankle pain and swelling; Tenderness behind the fibula aggravated by resisted eversion and dorsiflexion; Pain during sid-to-side ankle movements Rest and protect the ankle by avoiding activities that trigger pain. Use the RICE protocol-rest, ice applied for 20 minutes every 2 hours, compression with a wrap or brace, and elevation to reduce swelling. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs relieve pain. A walking boot or ankle brace may be used for immobilization followed by physical therapy to strengthen the peroneal and calf muscles and correct biomechanics. Supportive shoes, orthotics, and gradual return to activity are recommended. Lateral ankle pain and swelling; Tenderness behind the fibula aggravated by resisted eversion and dorsiflexion; Pain during sid-to-side ankle movements Bunion (Hallux Valgus) A bunion is a bony bump that forms at the base of the big toe when the toe deviates toward the other toes. This deformity gradually widens the front of the foot and can cause pain, redness, swelling and calluses, especially when wearing tight shoes. Risk factors include inherited foot structure, weak tendons and ligaments, rheumatoid arthritis and wearing narrow, high-heeled shoes Visible bump at the base of the big toe; Big toe angled toward the second toe; Pain and swelling at the metatarsophalangeal joint exacerbated by narrow shoes; Limited motion of the big toe Wear flat, well fitting shoes with a wide toe box and avoid high heels. Use bunion pads, toe spacers or splints at night to reduce pressure and slow progression apply NSAID gels or take short courses of anti-inflammatory tablets for pain relief Custom orthotics or shoe inserts can redistribute pressure and walking barefoot on soft surfaces may improve comfort. Seek physical therapy for gait training. Visible bump at the base of the big toe; Big toe angled toward the second toe; Pain and swelling at the metatarsophalangeal joint exacerbated by narrow shoes; Limited motion of the big toe Morton's Neuroma Morton's neuroma is a thickening of the tissue around a digital nerve between the toes, most commonly between the third and fourth metatarsals. It causes burning or sharp pain in the ball of the foot that may radiate into the toes, often described as feeling like walking on a pebble. High-heeled or tight, narrow shoes and repetitive stress can aggravate the condition Persistent burning or sharp pain in the ball of the foot radiating to the toes; Sensation of a pebble or marble under the foot while walking; Numbness or tingling in the toes that worsens with weightbearing or tight footwear Change footwear to wide, low‑heeled shoes with cushioned soles and avoid high heels. Use custom orthoses or metatarsal pads to separate the metatarsals and reduce pressure on the nervehttps://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/mortons-neuroma#:~:text=,the%20pressure%20on%20the%20neuroma. NSAIDs or other anti‑inflammatory medications can relieve painhttps://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/mortons-neuroma#:~:text=Studies%20have%20shown%20that%20many,and%2For%20corticosteroid%20injections. Corticosteroid injections may reduce swelling and inflammation of the nervehttps://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/mortons-neuroma#:~:text=,from%20sending%20out%20pain%20signals; nerve ablation or shockwave therapy can be considered. Activity modification and physical therapy to stretch and strengthen the foot can also help. Persistent burning or sharp pain in the ball of the foot radiating to the toes; Sensation of a pebble or marble under the foot while walking; Numbness or tingling in the toes that worsens with weightbearing or tight footwear Pelvis and Hip Joint Arthritis Arthritis in the shoulder joint can result from various causes, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis. Symptoms typically include shoulder pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. Bursitis Biceps tendonitis involves inflammation of the long head of the biceps tendon, which runs from the shoulder to the elbow. Symptoms include shoulder pain, particularly in the front of the shoulder, and may worsen with overhead activities or lifting. Fracture Frozen shoulder is characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint, often resulting from inflammation and tightening of the shoulder capsule. Symptoms typically progress slowly and may worsen over time, leading to significant limitations in shoulder mobility. Hip Replacement The labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint, providing stability and cushioning. Tears in the labrum can occur due to trauma, overuse, or repetitive shoulder movements. Symptoms may include shoulder pain, clicking or popping sensations, and feelings of instability. Labral Tear This condition involves excessive movement or looseness of the shoulder joint, which can result in frequent dislocations or subluxations (partial dislocations). Symptoms may include a sensation of the shoulder "slipping out of place," pain, weakness, and decreased range of motion. Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction This condition occurs when the rotator cuff tendons become pinched or compressed between the bones in the shoulder. Symptoms often include shoulder pain, particularly with overhead movements, and may worsen with repetitive activities. Tendonitis Tendonitis, or tendinitis, involves inflammation or irritation of a tendon, typically due to overuse or repetitive motion Femur (Thigh Region) and Knee Joint Knee Arthritis Arthritis in the shoulder joint can result from various causes, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis. Symptoms typically include shoulder pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. Thigh Strain Biceps tendonitis involves inflammation of the long head of the biceps tendon, which runs from the shoulder to the elbow. Symptoms include shoulder pain, particularly in the front of the shoulder, and may worsen with overhead activities or lifting. Knee Bursitis Frozen shoulder is characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint, often resulting from inflammation and tightening of the shoulder capsule. Symptoms typically progress slowly and may worsen over time, leading to significant limitations in shoulder mobility. Thigh Muscle Strain The labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint, providing stability and cushioning. Tears in the labrum can occur due to trauma, overuse, or repetitive shoulder movements. Symptoms may include shoulder pain, clicking or popping sensations, and feelings of instability. Patellar Tendinitis This condition involves excessive movement or looseness of the shoulder joint, which can result in frequent dislocations or subluxations (partial dislocations). Symptoms may include a sensation of the shoulder "slipping out of place," pain, weakness, and decreased range of motion. Meniscus Tear This condition occurs when the rotator cuff tendons become pinched or compressed between the bones in the shoulder. Symptoms often include shoulder pain, particularly with overhead movements, and may worsen with repetitive activities. Leg (Tibia and fibula) and Ankle Joint Ankle fracture Arthritis in the shoulder joint can result from various causes, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis. Symptoms typically include shoulder pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. Ankle Sprain Biceps tendonitis involves inflammation of the long head of the biceps tendon, which runs from the shoulder to the elbow. Symptoms include shoulder pain, particularly in the front of the shoulder, and may worsen with overhead activities or lifting. Achilles Tendonitis Frozen shoulder is characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint, often resulting from inflammation and tightening of the shoulder capsule. Symptoms typically progress slowly and may worsen over time, leading to significant limitations in shoulder mobility. Calf Strain The labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint, providing stability and cushioning. Tears in the labrum can occur due to trauma, overuse, or repetitive shoulder movements. Symptoms may include shoulder pain, clicking or popping sensations, and feelings of instability. Foot and Toes Plantar Fasciitis Arthritis in the shoulder joint can result from various causes, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or post-traumatic arthritis. Symptoms typically include shoulder pain, stiffness, swelling, and reduced range of motion. Ingrown Toenail Biceps tendonitis involves inflammation of the long head of the biceps tendon, which runs from the shoulder to the elbow. Symptoms include shoulder pain, particularly in the front of the shoulder, and may worsen with overhead activities or lifting. Bunions Frozen shoulder is characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint, often resulting from inflammation and tightening of the shoulder capsule. Symptoms typically progress slowly and may worsen over time, leading to significant limitations in shoulder mobility. Hammer Toe The labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the socket of the shoulder joint, providing stability and cushioning. Tears in the labrum can occur due to trauma, overuse, or repetitive shoulder movements. Symptoms may include shoulder pain, clicking or popping sensations, and feelings of instability. Morton's Neuroma This condition involves excessive movement or looseness of the shoulder joint, which can result in frequent dislocations or subluxations (partial dislocations). Symptoms may include a sensation of the shoulder "slipping out of place," pain, weakness, and decreased range of motion. Athlete's Foot This condition occurs when the rotator cuff tendons become pinched or compressed between the bones in the shoulder. Symptoms often include shoulder pain, particularly with overhead movements, and may worsen with repetitive activities. Foot Cramps This is a common shoulder injury involving damage to the muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. Symptoms include shoulder pain, weakness, limited range of motion, and difficulty with overhead activities. Toe Numbness Tendonitis, or tendinitis, involves inflammation or irritation of a tendon, typically due to overuse or repetitive motion Foot Swelling Tendonitis, or tendinitis, involves inflammation or irritation of a tendon, typically due to overuse or repetitive motion

Next Journey Orthopaedics offers personalized fracture care with expert trauma specialists, compassionate support, and seamless coordination—empowering your recovery every step of the way Ultrasound Guided Carpal Tunnel Release Carpal Tunnel Relief—Without Hospital Surgery If carpal tunnel syndrome is causing numbness, tingling, or weakness in your hand—and other treatments haven’t helped—surgery may be recommended. Today, many patients can be treated without a hospital visit, general anesthesia, or a large incision. Find out if your a good candidate FAQs How long should I use ice after an injury? You should use ice for the first 24 to 72 hours after an injury to reduce swelling and pain. Apply an ice pack for 15–20 minutes every 2–3 hours, ensuring there is a barrier (like a towel) between the ice and your skin to prevent frostbite. Once the swelling subsides, you can switch to heat therapy to relax muscles and improve circulation When is it safe to switch from ice to heat? It’s safe to switch to heat therapy after the acute swelling has gone down, usually 48–72 hours after the injury. Heat therapy is ideal for loosening stiff muscles, improving circulation, and promoting healing in the later stages of recovery. However, if there’s still visible swelling or inflammation, stick to ice. Can I use PRICE for chronic injuries? Yes, parts of PRICE, like heat, rest, and compression, can be used for chronic injuries. Heat therapy can help with stiffness and muscle relaxation, while rest and compression may support healing. However, chronic injuries often require additional treatment like physical therapy, and you should consult a specialist for a personalized recovery plan.

At Next Journey Orthopaedics, we provide essential guidance on cast care to ensure a smooth recovery. Learn how to keep your cast dry, manage discomfort, and recognize signs of complications. Explore our tips and resources for a safe and comfortable healing process, along with recommended products to support your recovery. Caring for Your Cast Made Simple and Safe Appointments Contact Us for Cast Issues Top of Page Essentials Daily Living with a Cast Cast Appearance and Maintenance Cast Complications Preparing for Cast Removal Castcare Contact Us Cast Items Follow our expert guidelines to protect your recovery and avoid complications Cast Care Guide The Essentials of Casting Care At Next Journey Orthopaedics, we understand that wearing a cast can be a new and sometimes challenging experience. Proper cast care is crucial to ensure a smooth recovery and avoid complications. Below, we’ve answered some of the most common questions patients have about cast care, providing you with the information you need to stay comfortable and safe. Keep Your Cast Dry How do I keep my cast dry while bathing or showering? It’s essential to keep your cast dry to prevent skin irritation or infection. Use a waterproof cast cover, available at most pharmacies, to protect your cast during showers or baths. Alternatively, you can wrap your cast in plastic bags and secure them with rubber bands. Avoid submerging your cast in water. W hat should I do if my cast gets wet? If your cast gets wet, contact our office immediately. A wet cast can lead to skin irritation or infection. We may need to replace your cast or provide additional care instructions. Managing Discomfort How can I relieve itching inside the cast? Itching is a common issue. Avoid inserting objects like hangers into the cast, as this can damage the skin or the cast. Instead, try gently tapping on the cast or using a hairdryer on a cool setting to blow air into it. How do I reduce swelling around the cast? Elevate the affected limb above heart level as much as possible, especially during the first few days. Applying ice to the area around the cast can also help, but be sure to keep the cast dry. Is it normal for my fingers or toes to feel numb or tingly? Numbness or tingling could indicate that your cast is too tight, if you elevate the limb and it does not resolve, please contact us to potentially come in to have the cast adjusted. Ensuring Cast Integrity What should I do if my cast feels too tight or too loose? A cast that’s too tight can restrict blood flow, while a loose cast won’t provide proper support. If you notice your cast no longer provides the support you need, please reach out to us for an evaluation. What should I do if the cast cracks or breaks? A damaged cast cannot provide the support you need. If your cast cracks or breaks, contact our office right away. We’ll assess the situation and replace the cast if necessary. Essentials Daily Living with a Cast Can I walk on my cast, and if so, when? Walking on your cast depends on the type of injury and the cast itself. If your cast is a weight-bearing type, we’ll let you know when it’s safe to start walking. Always follow our instructions closely to avoid injury. Can I drive or operate machinery while wearing a cast? Driving or operating machinery can be risky while wearing a cast, especially if it affects your mobility or reaction time. We recommend not driving while wearing a cast. What activities should I avoid while wearing a cast? Avoid activities that could damage your cast or put you at risk of injury, such as contact sports, lifting heavy objects, or exposing the cast to water. Focus on keeping the cast clean, dry, and intact. How can I prevent pressure sores or skin irritation under the cast? Keep the cast clean and dry, and avoid inserting objects to scratch your skin. If you notice any unusual discomfort or sores, contact us immediately for an assessment. Cast Appearance and Maintenance Can I walk on my cast, and if so, when? Walking on your cast depends on the type of injury and the cast itself. If your cast is a weight-bearing type, we’ll let you know when it’s safe to start walking. Always follow our instructions closely to avoid injury. Can I drive or operate machinery while wearing a cast? Driving or operating machinery can be risky while wearing a cast, especially if it affects your mobility or reaction time. We do not recommend attempting to drive. What activities should I avoid while wearing a cast? Avoid activities that could damage your cast or put you at risk of injury, such as contact sports, lifting heavy objects, or exposing the cast to water. Focus on keeping the cast clean, dry, and intact. How can I prevent pressure sores or skin irritation under the cast? Keep the cast clean and dry, and avoid inserting objects to scratch your skin. If you notice any unusual discomfort or sores, contact us immediately for an assessment. Monitoring for Complications What signs of infection or complications should I look for? Watch for increased pain, excessive swelling, foul odor, drainage from under the cast, or a fever. These could be signs of an infection. If you notice any of these symptoms, contact us immediately. When should I contact my doctor about my cast? You should reach out to us if you experience any of the following: Severe pain not relieved by elevation or pain medication. Numbness or tingling in the extremities. A wet or damaged cast. Signs of infection, such as redness, warmth, or unusual odors. Preparing for Cast Removal How is the cast removed, and will it hurt? Cast removal is a straightforward procedure done with a special cast saw that won’t harm your skin. While it may feel a bit uncomfortable due to vibrations, it shouldn’t hurt. Once removed, your skin may be dry or flaky, and your limb may feel stiff. We’ll guide you through the next steps in your recovery. Can I exercise or do physical therapy with the cast on? In some cases, we may recommend specific exercises to maintain strength and mobility. Always follow our instructions to avoid injury. Once the cast is removed, physical therapy may be recommended to restore full function. Trust Your Care to Next Journey Orthopaedics At Next Journey Orthopaedics, we’re committed to ensuring that you have the best possible experience during your recovery. Our team is always here to answer your questions and provide the support you need. If you have any concerns about your cast or your recovery, don’t hesitate to reach out to us. Contact Us Phone: 571-416-8244 Address: 8255 Greensboro Drive, Ste 150, McLean, VA 22102 Additional Items Cast Scratcher Relieve itching with our convenient Cast Scratcher. Perfect for reaching those hard-to-access spots under your cast without causing damage. Ideal for patients recovering from fractures or surgeries. Cast Socks Keep your cast clean and comfortable with our premium Cast Socks. Designed to fit snugly over any cast, they protect against dirt and add an extra layer of warmth. Available in various sizes and colors. Comfort Itching and Odor Spray Experience instant relief with our Comfort Itching and Odor Spray. Specially formulated to soothe itchiness and eliminate odors under casts and braces. A must-have for a more comfortable recovery. Cool Air Hairdryer Stay cool and comfortable with our Cool Air Hairdryer. Perfect for drying the inside of your cast and reducing itchiness. Safe to use on all types of casts and bandages. Crutch Cushions Enhance your crutch experience with our ergonomic Crutch Cushions. Providing superior comfort and support, these cushions help prevent soreness and fatigue. Easy to attach and washable. Knee Scooter Move around effortlessly with our durable Knee Scooter. An excellent alternative to crutches, it offers stability and ease of use during your recovery from foot or ankle injuries. Knee Walker Navigate your recovery with ease using our Knee Walker. Designed for patients with lower leg injuries, it provides a smooth ride and maximum comfort. Adjustable and foldable for convenience. Leg Elevation Pillows Promote faster healing with our Leg Elevation Pillows. Ideal for reducing swelling and improving circulation post-surgery or injury. Made from high-density foam for ultimate support. Long Arm Cast Covers Protect your long arm cast with our waterproof Long Arm Cast Covers. Perfect for showering and bathing, these covers ensure your cast stays dry and secure. Available in multiple sizes. Moleskin Prevent blisters and irritation with our high-quality Moleskin. Perfect for padding rough edges of casts or braces, ensuring maximum comfort during your recovery. Post-Op Shoes Ensure stability and comfort with our Post-Op Shoes. Designed for post-surgical recovery, these shoes provide support and protection for your feet. Adjustable and available in various sizes. Shoe Lift Balance your steps with our adjustable Shoe Lift. Ideal for compensating height differences caused by casts or orthopedic conditions, ensuring a more natural walking experience. Short Arm Cast Covers Keep your short arm cast dry and protected with our waterproof Short Arm Cast Covers. Perfect for showering and bathing, these covers are easy to use and come in multiple sizes. 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Next Journey Orthopaedics offers expert diagnosis and treatment for a wide range of orthopedic conditions, including shoulder, knee, hip, and spinal injuries. Our specialized services include surgical and non-surgical options tailored to each patient’s needs. Schedule your appointment today! Common CPT codes Appointments Diagnoses Cervical/Neck Shoulder Humerus/Elbow Forearm/Wrist Hand/Fingers Thoracic/Mid-Back Lumbar/Lower Back Hip Thigh/Knee Leg/Ankle Foot/Toes

Discover patient-centric orthopedic care at Next Journey Orthopaedics. Our dedicated team focuses on delivering the optimal experience for each patient, ensuring personalized treatment plans and compassionate support. Let's work together to figure the best solutions for your musculoskeletal care." Top of Page Common Treatments Treatment Before surgery is recommended, the risk and benefits of alternative treatments is considered for each condition. Non operative and the least invasive measures like prevention, rest, heat, ice compression, therapy, NSAIDS, Tylenol, muscle relaxants, and pain alleviating devices are considered. The following is not medical advice. Surgery is recommended when it offers a greater clinical outcome or there was a failure to resolve symptoms by other methods. NonOperativeTreatments NonOperativeTreatments More Info Hyaluronic Acid (Viscosupplement) More Info Bracing & Splints More Info Medications (NSAIDs & Pain Control) More Info Corticosteroid Injections More Info